South Africa’s diminishing coal reserves

The Origin of Coal and World Reserves

World energy demands and coal reserves

Spotreba svetovej energie a zásoby uhlia On the basis of the expected increase in the world’s population and taking the estimated improvement in both technology and living standards into account, the paper forecasts energy demands. In 2000, actual energy consumption was 380-400 EJ.year, the forecast for the year 2050 is 600-1,050 EJ.year, while for the year 2100 it is 900-3,600 EJ.year. On the ...

Can South Africa Afford to Become Africas First Welfare State?

This paper assesses the economy-wide impact of implementing and financing a universal or basic income grant (BIG) in South Africa. The various financing scenarios suggested by the proponents of the grant are presented, and these are compared using an applied general equilibrium model for the South African economy. The results indicate that the required changes in direct and indirect tax rates n...

The Value of Free Water: Analyzing South Africas Free Basic Water Policy

This paper analyzes South Africa’s Free Basic Water Policy, under which households receive a free water allowance equal to the World Health Organization’s recommended minimum of 6 kiloliters per month. I structurally estimate residential water demand, evaluate the welfare e¤ects of free water, and provide optimal price schedules derived from a social planner’s problem. I use a unique dataset of...

Hand injuries in south Wales coal miners.

Fifty eight coal miners attended the Royal Gwent Accident and Emergency Department with serious hand injuries over a three year period. The commonest cause of the injuries was falling rock or coal from the pit roof crushing the hand and the commonest type of injury was the crushed, compound fracture of the terminal phalangeal area of the digit, with or without pulp loss. Records of the time off...